Silver Horn or Haungooah (1860–1940) was a Kiowa Ledger Artist from Oklahoma.
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Silver Horn was born circa 1860 and was a member of the Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma. His Kiowa name, Haungooah, refers to sunlight reflecting off a buffalo horn, making it gleam like a polished, white metal.[1] He was a well known artist from the early reservation period who was one of the most respected and talented Plains Indian artists in his time.
Silver Horn's father was Agiati or "Gathering Feathers," who was a calendar keeper. Agiati was the chosen artistic successor of his uncle Tohausen, who was the primary calendar keeper for the Kiowas throughout the 19th century.[2]
He was mostly known for his skills in working with different mediums and materials such as graphite, colored pencil, crayon, pen and ink, and water color on hide, muslin and paper. He produced over a thousand illustrations and works of art between 1870 and 1920. He developed and created very keen visuals of Kiowa culture, from traditional images, warfare, and coup counting to depictions of the sun dance, early Peyote religion, and daily life. Silver Horn had witnessed traumatic changes as the Kiowa people went from a nomadic way of life a buffalo hunting culture to reservation life and forced assimilation into white society. The traumatic changes were depicted in his artwork.
The depictions that Silver Horn would render were visionary images that were represented in abstract form on shields and events of the years past as a record in the pictorial calendar. Many tribes of the Plains area used pictorial art to maintain a calendar as means of recording happenings as well as to illustrate stories. Silver Horn developed a complex calendar system with events recorded for summer and winter of each year and most calendars had very simple pictures that helped calendar keepers remember the name of each year. His drawings of warfare depicted events of the past as well as more recent conflicts, while his images of ceremonies included rituals that were beginning at that time. He also created illustrations of myths and other oral traditions such as supernatural figures.
Silver Horn taught his great-nephew, Stephen Mopope how to paint on hides. Mopope went on to become one of the Kiowa Five.[3] Today many of his family members are artists. His grandsons James, Dutch, and Max Silverhorn are all known for their German silver work, beadwork, and featherwork. His great-granddaughter, Katherine Dickerson is a Kiowa beadworker, German silver worker, and moccasin maker.[4]